Method and apparatus for making lined containers



March 20, 1951 D SCHMIDT 2,546,137

METHD AND APPARATUS FOR MAKING LINED CONTAINERS Filed Nov. 6, 1942 6Sheets-Sheet 1 I I I I J Il l lll Il' l [fr J :i 7% /li INVENTOR DA v/D5 CHM/0T BY r ATTORNEYS D. scHMlD-r 2,546,137 METHOD AND APPARATUS FORMAKTNG LTNED CONTAINERS March 120, 1951 f 6 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed NOV. 6,1942 INVENTOR A DAV/o 5cHM/o1- ATTO RN EY5 D. METHOD AND APPARATUS FORMAKIN March zo, 1951 G LINED CONTAINERS 6 Sheets-Sheet 5 Fi1ed Nov. 6,1942 IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII INVENTOR 04u/D .S CHM/DT ATTORNEYS March 20, 1951D. SCHMIDT 2,546,137

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR MANTNG LINED CONTAINERS FiledNov. e, 19442 6Sheets-Sheet 4 WT mm mw @o C n rd P D 7 W A March 20, 1951 D. scHMlDTMETHOD AND APPARATUS FOR MAKING LINED CONTAQINERS 6 SheetSK-Sheet 5Filed Nov. 6, 1942 March 20, 1951 D. SCHMIDT 2,546,137

METHOD AND APPARATUS Foa MAKING LINED CONTAINERS Filed Nov. 6, 1942 6Sheets-Sheet 6 :fg l. 4]/

44! INVENTQR ADAV/D cHM/o E* I/ r ffy, 5A 457 7 a ATTORNEYS PatentedMar. 20, 1951 UNI-T El)Y STAT ES PAT EN T OFFICE METHOD AND APPARATUSnonY LINED CONTAINERS/f David' Schmidt; Lakewood, Ohio, assigner to The.

Dobeckmun Company, Cleveland; Ohio, a-corporation of Ohiok ApplicationNovember 6, 1942*,.Seria1 No. 464,756

41 Claims.-

Thisinvention relates to improved method and apparatus for making suchrcontainers.` More particularly, this'inventionrelates' to a containercomprising a tubular'carrier-cartonand a preformed tubular liner ofnon-fibrous ilin or' the likeandV to the methods and apparatusfor'making suche; container:

Heretofore, carrier cartons` of librous stock, suchas'paperboard,chpboard', strawboard, kraft, and likepaper stock, havecommonly been'lined with relatively structurallyweakliners to enable containersof'paper stockA to be employed for packaging substances which could notAbe pack'- aged in the unlined" containers' becausevk of the permeableand absorptive nature of the paper stock. A basic requirement of suchliners is, of course, that the liner be substantially inert andimpervious to the contents tobe packaged. Another requirement is thatthe liner be comparatively impermeable to extraneous elements, such asmoisture vapor, for example, fromV which the packaged contents must beprotected. Nonfibrous films, of which the regenerated cellulose nlm"cellophane is the best-known example, will usually answer the foregoingrequirements. Many types of non-fibrous lms, varying widely in theirchemical compositions and physical characteristics, are'available to theart. By selecting a suitablenon-librousl nlm, either uncoated or coatedto increase its impermeability, one may obtain a lining material whichwill exhibit suflicient inertness and imperviousness to water and mostcommonly pacakgedv aqueous liquids, moisturelvapor, andl mostv oils,fats, greases, and the like.

An inexpensive manner of lining a carrier carton with non-brouslm is tosimply place a sheet of film within the open carrier carton so that thesheet will cover the inner surface of the bottom and walls of thecarrier carton. There are several objections to such sheet-linedcartons. In the rst'place, the minimum amount of lm lining the cartonwill be at the bottom and, thus, as the film tends to shrink andembrittle with age, an inherent characteristic of almost all nonfibrousfilms, the rst place the lm will tend to pull away from the supportafforded by the carrier carton' will be at the bottom, the point ofmaximum load of the contents. In the second place, the excessive foldsand pleats of the sheet at the open mouth of the container render theliner extremely difficult, if not impossible, to seal satisfactorily andsecurely. It has been proposed to overcome thedifliculties of lmshrink*- age and of sealner the lined cartons by placing iid-36.01)

an oversized bag oftlmwithin' thecarrier carton. Bymaking the bagoversize, the film will besubstantially equally supported at all pointsyduring aging and the open mouth of the bag may be sealed manually orwith bag sealing machinery. Such bag in a` box containers have not beenentirely'satisfactory, however. The mouth ofthe bag must be unsupportedin order to allow" the mouth to bedrawn together" for closingand'fsealing in'theusual manner. Ther'nouthof the bag', therefore; must'oe held open during'lling; Since manyautomatic filling machines' arenot equipped with' mechanicaliingers,V to hold' the-bagmouth open;the"bag in aV box containers" must often be filled manually,aslowandlaborious process. Otherwise, the contents to be packaged arelikely to: sift or`4 spill between thelinerand the carton. Also; therawv and" absorptive edges of the carrier carton are exposed duringiilling'. Thus, if fluids which would discolor' the'l paper carriercartons are' to' be packaged, extreme vcaremust' beused to; avoidspilling'thel fluid during filling. Other*- wise, evenl though the linerisl securely' sealed, the carrier" carton will appear to be a leake'rand'thep'ackage will be unsalable. Further', to seal'thebagsecurely, themouth ofthe bag must be: distendedso that opposite walls arebroughttogether; Thisrequires eitherexpensive automatic machinery or tediousmanual operations.

It' is the' object of my invention to'prov'ide" a lined cart'on whichwill afford the advantage' of a bag lined container of the priorart;lnamely, that the oversized bag is supported atv all points by thecarrier carton, and which will' eliminate the above enumerateddisadvantages ofllingand sealing such" containers. It is another objectof my, invention to provide a loose, preformed' tubular liner for acarrier carton which may be securely sealed by a cap, type of closure,thus eliminating manipulation of the liner. after filling'. It is aYstill. further object of my invention to provide a lined containerwhich' i`s particularly adapted to employ a non-fibrous'. lm'liner' andwhich maybe openedv without destroying' a liner which" protects" thecarrier carton.'

I accomplishthe foregoing objects of: my in#- vention by employing apreformed liner element, preferably a' bag of non-fibrous nlm', which isinserted in the carrier carton' so. that an open endfo'f' the liner"extends beyond an open` end of thev carrier carton. I then turn theYprotruding open end of the linerl inside out so'l that the opentubular-- end is turned overthe edge ofthe carton and extends down itsouter'wall Especially Where, as in the preferred formv of 3 myinvention, the inside-out portion of the tube ts smoothly and snuglyagainst the outside wall of the carton, the operation of positivelyturning a tube of sheet material inside out without seriously creasingor tearing the tube seemed a particularly difficult problem. It is,therefore, a further object of my invention to provide a method ofturning a tube of sheet material inside out over the open end of acarrier cartor. with positive mechanical meansY and without tearing orstraining the tube. I accomplish this object of my invention bymechanically expanding beyond the inside periphery of the cartonsubstantially all portions of the periphery of the tube just above theedge of the carton. rThen, by simultaneously drawing all parts of theexpanded portion of the liner along the outside wall of the carton, theprotruding portion of the tube will be turned inside out over the openend of the carton.

It is a still further object of my invention to provide a simplemechanism which will turn a liner tube inside out over the open end of a.tubular carton according to my method.

From the foregoing, it should be apparent that a lined carton madeaccording to my invention possesses several advantages. First, byemploying a liner having an open tubular end turned inside out over theopen end of a car- Iier carton, a liner will be fitted to the cartonwithout necessarily being fastened to the carton by adhesive. Thus, aliner of nonbrous lm may shrink without being subjected to possiblelocalized stresses caused by adhesive and, at the same time, the linerwill be supported by the walls of the carrier carton. Second, there isno protruding and unsupported end of the liner tube which must be heldopen manually or by mechanical ngers during lling. Thus, my linedcontainer is adapted to be used on substantially all automatic fillingmachinery. Third, the raw edges of the carrier carton are protected bythe turned-over open end of the liner. Thus, the carrier carton is lesslikely to be spoiled by spilling the Contents during packaging'. Fourth,by providing a liner having an open tubular end which, when turnedinside out, will snugly engage the outside wall of the container, asmooth unwrinkled edge may be provided on the open end of the container.Thus, -tlie container may be securely sealed with a cap type closure.

y Other and further objects and advantages of my invention are asfollows:

' By employing a liner derived from a preformed tube of sheet material,the liner may be made, inexpensively and separately from the carriercarton, on standard tube and bag forming machinery. The longitudinalseam of this liner may be closely inspected.

My tubular liners and carrier cartons are assembled quickly and simplywith relatively simple and inexpensive devices. Several advantagesresult from this fact. It is not necessary to assemble the containersuntil just prior to lling. Thus, the liners of non-brous films may bestored in humid or similar atmospheres vwhich retard aging andembrittlement, while the carrier cartons may be stored in an atmosphereof a different humidity to avoid excessive shrinkage or swelling of thepaper stock. Also, carrier containers, such as spirally wound papertubes, are usually made locally to avoid shipping costs, while preformedtubes and bags are yusually made at centralized points. Thus, the

vlb.

4 elements of my container may be made on existing standard machineryand shipping of empty assembled containers may be avoided as much aspossible.

The turned-over edge of my liner may extend down the outside wall of thecarrier carton and may even be sealed across the bottom of the carton.By employing a reverse printed transparent ilm, an attractive, glossy,and dust-free outside surface will be provided which, in cases Whereopaque inks are employed, will permit very cheap uncoated and unglazedpaperboard stock to be employed for the carrier carton.

The open ends of my containers may be closed with a sheet of transparentfilm. Thus, my container may be employed as a display container. Also,the closure of my container may be removed without destroying the linerelement which protects the carrier carton.

Other and further objects of my invention should be apparent from thefollowing specication, claims, and drawings, in which:

Fig. 1 is an elevation, partly in section, of one embodiment of acontainer made according to my invention.

Fig. 2 is an elevation, partly in section, of another embodiment of acontainer made according to my invention.

Fig. 3 is an elevation, partly in section, of one embodiment of aliner-turning mandrel made according to my invention.

Fig. 4 is an enlarged detail section taken from Fig. 3 showing an earlystage of the operation of the liner-turning mandrel.

Fig. 5 is an enlarged detail section, similar to Fig. 4 but showing alater stage of operation of the liner-turning mandrel.

Fig. 6 is an enlarged detail section, similar to Fig. 4 but showing astill later stage of operation of the liner-turning mandrel.

Fig. 7 is a diametric cross-section of the operating portion of anotherembodiment of a linerturning mandrel made according to my invention.

Fig. 8 is an enlarged detail section taken from Fig. 7 showing an earlystage of operation of the liner-turning mandrel.

Fig. 9 is an enlarged detail section, similar to Fig. 8, showing a laterstage of operation of the liner-turning mandrel.

Fig. 10 is a diametric cross-section of still another embodiment of aliner-turning mandrel made according to my invention.

Fig. l1 is an enlarged detail section taken from Fig. 10 showing a stageof operation of the linerturning mandrel.

In the drawings, Fig. l shows a lined container in which the turned-overedge portion of the liner extends only partly down the outer wall of thecarrier carton. In Fig. 1, lil represents, in this instance, a carriercarton comprised of a spirally wound cylindrical wall portion l l havingone end provided with a spun-in iiange portion I2 which serves as a seatfor a bottom disk I3. The preformed tubular liner l5 is preferably a bagof non-bious film, which may be formed, for example, in the usual mannerby tubing a sheet or web of the non-fibrous film along a longitudinalseam (not shown), cutting a bag length from the tubed web, and thenfolding and adhering an end portion of the bag length to the wall of thetube to form the transverse bottom seam In order to allow material forshrinkage of the liner and to assure that the liner will be supported atall points by the carrier carton, the cireumferenceaof the liner:llssiiould-Bezglreater than the. inner. circumference'. o'fl the:carrier.` carton'. wall IrI, andi` usually equal. toer slightlyE1argier. than` the. outer circumferenceofthe` carrier oart'onwall. Thus,Ytli'e liner I 5lisf circumferentially oversized-1 for. the carriercartoniI I0; 'Ihefliner I5l should be inserted: far? enoughl into thecarton. I so: that excess-` liner." materiali Will-l bei provideda'crossfthe bottom. I3- and the liner walllwillallow forshrinkagexinvertical and:` diagonal.. directions asiwell asAin.c'ircurr'iferential.directionsl In order to supportiv thelinerlwithin `the car-1'v rier', cover the-raw edges; oirlthe. opensend` ofthe carrier carton', andv to; provide-.the otherf advantageslenumerated' in?. the.. foregoing statement of the?y objects of. this.invention; the'.` marginal por.-4 tion Iof the preformedl tubular.liner; adjacent the: open end thereofi is turned? inside" outo'ver therim; oriedge' Ill of the' open-end oi" the; carrier. carton. s'olthatthe-marg'inalportion I 1.1 will cover. the margin". ot'theouter Wall0f thecarrierc'arton adj acenttheli rim"A I il. Because thecircumference' of the'liner' IE'S is preferably-only slightlylargerthanzthe outer circumferenceof. the-.1Wa1lII',.the liner. margini I Ilwilltlratherfsnugly and. the portion I8 o1" the. linen Whicli. coverstheafrimi I4 Will be smooth and free of: Wrinkles.- Because'ynonfibrousiilm is. usually storedlinai. humid. atmosphe're to.lpreserve' flexibility and'. elasticity of: the lm,. fil-ins .willgenerally: take at ratherf'rapi'd initial set. or shrinkageinxthe'comparatively dryness of normal atmospheres'. Thus, if the. rimpow tion`t8" of the" liner'isslightly wrinkled wh'en.the margin IJ isrst;turned'. inside out; the initial setof` the'. film will smoothl outsuchwrinkles ina few hours.. ThellinerfmarginlI 1 is preferably nattachedto.`v the outer' surface of. the. Wall. I.I. Thus, no points. oflocalizedistressiwill beA created inxthe. margin. I1'I as the` illm"takes itsinitial set and. shrinks. with. further. aging. Because theopen'. end of the'. carriery carton I Uwill give slightly,Y the.:snugzmargin'` I 1. of. the liner Willenot bei likely' toI rupture withanormal aging. If" the margin: I'I does split. after excessive; aging; noharm will. be"v done. to therfunctional: portion. of the liner insidethe carton,

The lined carrier'cartons I0;is preierably closed bya:capitypelofclosure.22, sucht asthering of spirally Woundi` papertubing-i 2| having. a` spun-in flange' 22A upon which anclosurefdisk'23is seated. The closure 20 is preferably'linedwith' a sheet ofnon-:fibrous lma25,.similar tothelm .ofthe liner I5; Thus, the'smooth`sheetof liner.` stocki 25'wi11 seatonthe smooth` rim portion I8 of theliner.l I5 so that the containerfmay be securelysealed.by applying asuitable adhesive orfsolvent to lute or welmthe. joint between* theclosureliner 25 and therimportiony I 8. If the lining stock .isofheatsealable material, the joint between the* closure liner and thecarton liner.v mayA be" heat-sealed, preferably' by' applyingand.yheatesealing thev closure linercprior to puttingV onthe. cap 20. Theclosurel maybe reinforced by employing. a suit able adhesive betweensthecarton liner margin I `IA and aV margin 21 (usuallyf pleated) off thec1osure liner aswell asby the frictional Int ofl the 1ng2I againsttheoutsidegv'vall ofthe linedcarfton l0.

TheI closurey liner'y 25Y is;v preferably? unattached to thecapZIJfinorder' to prevent localized stress during shrinkagof-the` lm 25and to permit the sealed container to` be opened without' destroying theliner I 5. Thus. to `open my sealed lined container, the cap 20 is'slipped off,.leavingythe' liner 25 stretched as avdiaphragm overy theopenend 6 of.' the' lined-z carrier cartorn- By" simply.' cuttingthroughthe diaphragm ofl lm.-i25;. the container may be opened without.destroying or.` rupturing theliner I5..4 ThemOntainermayfbe reclosedlbyreplacingv the'v cap' 2 0;

The lined carton III) shownzin Fig.i2 isi similar to thecartonl I0.shownf in Fig. 1, being'comprised ofi atubular Wall portion III having asuitable bottom. flange. IIZandv disk II 3l Thescartonili is1ined.with.a..lo'ose tubularl bag. liner I^I5having a-i bottom: seamVIII` similar in proportion; to the'linerf I5;v The linerII5;.hoWever,isp'r'ovided withl a long.- margin I ITI Whichistur-nedfinside out overthe rim VIA-of thecartonf to! providea' sealing seat' III8 and thenextends downthezout'sideiof` the carton wall II I:,.the"edgesfofr themarginll I'I being.' drawn together" across theLbottom of. thecarrier.'carton and joinedltogether by the`v seamlItIB; Thus, th'e'carrier cartonIIB inthis modification is' completely covered; insideandout, bythetubull'ar liner Ii 5. By reverseprinting on the. smoothly fitting marginII'I, a glossy, dust-resistantand attractive outer Wall and4 label'maybe provided. If. the under surface of' the margin III isicompletely'printed over with opaque inks", the Walls ofthe carton I I ilwilllb'ecompletely masked., thus allowing cheap un'c'o'a'ted.paper'stock to beemployed while providing.azbrilliantly colored outsidewall for the container.

In' orderi to employ the. lined; carton I-l asa display container, aisheet' of transparent. liner stock, similar to the material OttheLl-ine'r H35., is stretche'dlacross the. open endof'l the' cartoni`IIS and may be'. sealed to the seat IIB inla suitable manner. 'Iheclosure-.sheet I25f is al'so preferably provided' withta pleated.flange'V I2I'whi`ch may be secured to' the carton' covering marginI'I'lbyan adhesive and/or'the friction ring I2 If. From the foregoing,`it should beapparent that the closure |205: isfsimilarl tottheclosure'xZD, except that the closure disk'. 23"isomitted'. Thefrietionring'r I2fI mayalso: be omitted, but it is' generally' preferredin ordertoprovide" the protectivebead" I:22 and' to mask'theA pleatedmargini I 21..

From the'- f'oreging; itsho'uld'` loe.y apparent'that linedlcontainersi-nade` according?tomy invention havev no loose' unsupportedliner portions.' Thus, myv containers' are adapted for.' usef on mostilautomaticl nlling';machines` and. may-'ber closed? and sealed.vsecurely. Further; because the. turned- Over.' margins protectl the.edge? 0f thef carrier. cartons;` no' more than?.ordinary"carerneedbeexercised in lling the' containers.

Inf` the' drawings, Figures 3." tot` illustrate mymethodlofturnihgamargn'ofa preformed tubular liner' inside out" over theopenend' of'a carrier carton andthe construction and' operation of oneembodiment of apparatus which may be operated tov form ai linedcylindrical cartonv according' to my method... Other.devices.operableaccording to my `method are'. shown" in Figs. '7 to 9'and in Figs. 10' and 11 A`s will be explained, still other'modificati'on's of' my linerr` turning' mechanismY mayl be made:Therefore', in the fol-lowing' .description of my bag" turning methodsand the devices I have disclosed, all stated proportions, dimensions,materials; and. th'efV like, are not toi be considered as limitationsbut merely asi being. illustrative;

In. thebag'turnin'g'device* shown in Figs. 3v to 6, a xedcylindricalmandrelsleeve 23D is adapted to receive amandrel 240'y Which'v istelescopabl'e within the mandrel sleeve and is providedV with a stop 231to' limitv the telescoping` ofthe mandrel 240. The upper end of the.mandrel sleeve 23E) isxprovidedzwith adownwardly. and inwardly dilrectedbevel 232 to provide an outer camming rim 233. The outer diameter of thesleeve 236 is such that the diameter of the rim 233 will be slightlylarger than the outer diameter of the overturned margin of the liner ona container assembled according to my method.

The mandrel 246 is provided with an annular beveled camming shoulder 23|located on the mandrel 240 so that when the mandrel engages the stop23|, the shoulder 211i will be received in the portion of the mandrelsleeve relieved by the bevel 232. From the point of the shoulder 265|,the mandrel 240 extends upwardly and is tapered to form a containerreceiving portion.

. When the mandrel 243 is axially displaced in,

the sleeve 233, an annular groove is provided to receive an expandercomprising a ring of a tight coiled spring 256. The spring 253 is undera slight tension when engaging the mandrel 246 beneath the shoulder 23|.The spring 255 is engaged between the shoulder 23| and the rim 233 tomaintain the mandrel in the displaced position as shown in Fig. 3. Thecoil radius of the spring ring 250 is slightly larger than thedifference between the radius of the point of the shoulder 24| and therim 233 so that, when the mandrel is Atelescoped in the sleeve, the ringwill be expanded annularly and the rim 233 will engage the spring insidethe mean radius of the ring. A small amount of vertical pressure on thering will cause the rim 233 to act as a cam to further exp-and the ringannularly.

To assemble a lined container according to my method with the mandrel24] and sleeve 2353, a tubular liner, in this instance a bag 25 of non`brous lm, is opened so that its mouth may be slipped over the taperedportion ol the mandrel 240 and pulled over the ring 250 and upperportion of the sleeve 230. In this instance, the bag 2|5 has an insidediameter equal to the outside diameter of the sleeve 230; accordingly,the bag, if it is of a non-librous lilm such as cellophane, should befresh, i. e., the bag should have been stored under proper conditions sothat the lm is flexible and slightly elastic to permit the bag to bestretched over the expander 256 and to undergo the subsequent turningoperations. A carrier carton 2 I ll is then placed on the mandrel overthe bag 2|5. The dimensions of the carton 2li) are such that when thebottom 2*!3 is supported by the mandrel 243, carton rim 2M will engagethe bag 2|5 against the mandrel just above the shoulder 24|. Thus, thecarton rim will be supported by the mandrel 246. The outside diameter ofthe carton wall 2|| is slightly less than the outside diameter of thesleeve 236. From the foregoing, it should be apparent that the taper ofthe container receiving portion of the mandrel not only allows the linerbag to be slipped over the mandrel easily but lalso provides a space forexcess liner material when the liner is oversize. It should also beapparent that the length of portion 2 of the liner bag which is outsidethe carton determines the depth of the margin of the liner which isturned inside out over the rim of the carton.

To turn the tubular liner inside out over the rim of the carton, thebottom 2|3 of the carton is pressed to telescope the mandrel 246 in thesleeve 236. As shown in Fig. 4, the beveled shoulder 24| rst expands thering 256 annularly over the sleeve rim 233. Thus, the portion of theliner 2|5 which is unsupported by the carton wall 2| I and which isimmediately adjacent the rim 2|4, is expanded at all portions of itsperiphery beyond the inside periphery of the carton. The liner, as shownin Fig. 4, accordingly forms a smooth sealing seat 2I8 over the cartonrim 2H.

As the mandrel 240 is fully telescoped, the vertical pressure of thecarton rim 2|4 on the ring 253 expands the ring 250 annularly over thesleeve rim 233 in the manner described above. As shown by the directionarrow in Fig. 5, this further expansion of the ring 250 may also rotatethe coil of the ring; accordingly, the liner margin 2|?, which thenwraps a substantial portion of the ring 250, is started to be turnedinside out. To complete the turning of the liner margin 2H, the ring 250is then rolled along the outer wall of the carton, by the lingers of theoperator or with suitable rollers 255, as shown in Fig. 6, until themargin is completely turned. The ring 25D is then removed from thecarton and replaced in the groove between the shoulder 24| and thesleeve rim 233. The lined carton is ready for filling and sealing if theturned-over margin extends only partly down the outside wall of thecarrier carton. If the turned-over margin is to completely cover theoutside wall and bottom of the carton, as in Fig. 2, the free end of thetubular liner is, of course, gathered together and secured in a suitablemanner.

A modification of my bag turning device is illustrated in Figs. '7 to 9of the drawings. The bag turning device there shown is comprised of amandrel sleeve 330 in which a mandrel 340 is telescopably mounted. Thesleeve 330 is journaled for axial sliding movement in a fingersupporting cylinder 366. In the embodiments shown, the sleeve 33D ismovable in the fixed cylinder 363, although obviously the lxed andmovable relationship of these members may be reversed.

The upper portion of the linger supporting cylinder 366 is provided withan internal annular groove 36| to receive the loot beads 356 of theexpander pushing ngers 355. The cylinder 360 is counterbored from thetop to the groove 36| to provide space for the swing of the ngers 355. Alinger collapsing spring ring 362 is retained on the top of the cylinder360 by means of the retainer ring 363.

The upwardly extending lingers 355 are each comprised of a blade 351pivotally mounted in thev groove 36| by means of the integral arcuatefoot beads 356. rIhe blades 351 are likewise arcuate in a horizontalsection. By employing a plurality of lingers '355 (six are employed inthe present embodiment shown in section, two being shown in section andtwo others being shown in invisible lines), the vertical blades 35'!will constitute a segmented cylindrical sleeve. The lingers 355 larenormally collapsed against the mandrel sleeve 336 by means of thefinger-collapsing spring ring 362.

In addition to being slidably journaled in the cylinder-330, the mandrelsleeve 33e is provided with an internal collar 33| which is slidablykeyed on the central shaft 365. The collar 33| also acts as a stop tolimit the telescoping of the mandrel 346 in the sleeve 330. When themandrel sleeve 33) is in its normally extended position, the radiallyprotruding annular nger expanding cam 333 for the upper end of thesleeve is spaced vertically above the lingers 355. The under surface ofthe 'annular cam 333 is beveled outwardly so that when the sleeve 33D istelescoped into the cylinder 360, the cam will expand the normallycollapsed lingers 355 into a segmented cylindrical sleeve, the outsidediameter of the annular cam 333 being equal to the inside diameter of 9the segmented' cylindery formed by. the ngers 355. To maintainthemandrel'sleeve in its normal extended position, any'suitable means,such as the relatively stiff: compression spring334`, may be employed.Thek upper surface of the cam 333 is provided with a downwardly andinwardly beveled surface 332 so that the cam` 333'- will" also act as akeeper Vfor the expander'rings'.

The mandrel 34|! is telescopably mounted in the sleeve 330 and is alsoprovided withl an internal collar 342 which is mounted' on the centralshaft 335. To maintain the mandrel' 340 in itsnormally extendedposition, any suitable means may be employed, such as, for example, therelatively Y soft compression spring 343fwhi`ch is engaged between thecollars 33| and 342 againstthe central shaft set collar 366. The mandrel34|] isprovided with an annular shoulder34| spaced above the'mandrelsleeve cam 333. The upper surface of the shoulder 34| serves as acartonreceiving ledge or foot; the under'surface ofthe shoulder 34| isbeveled outwardly to serve as an expander camming surface. The outsidediameter of the mandrel shoulder 34|" is notl greater'than the outsidediameter ofthe finger caml 333. Above the shoulder 34| themandrel istapered inwardly to provide a container receiving portion.

When the mandrel-340 is in' its normal extended position, the spacedshoulderv 34| and cam 333 provide a wide annular groove in` which aplurality of coil spring rings are'received. In this instance, threespring rings are employed, the uppermost expander ring 350 and twoauxiliary rings 35| andY 352. Because the rings are under a slighttension, the rings will maintain their vertical'disposition aboutthemandrel'34fl. When the mandrel 34|)A is telescopedv in the mandrelsleeve 330, the upwardlybeveled"camming under surface of the-shoulder`34|I willpress'the verticaland1 expand the ringsoutwardly, thevuppermost ,of the rings, the expander ring- 35D, obviously, beingexpanded most. Thecollars 342 andi 33| are set so thatl the telescopingof'themandrel 340 inA theisleeve 330 lwill Astop 4when the rst auxiliaryring has been expanded to an outside diameter approximately equal to theoutside diameter of the cam 333', as shown" in Fig. 8.

K To assemble a container on my device 'as-illustrated` in- Figs. 7` to9; a suitable tubular liner, for example, the bag3|5', is slipped overthe container receiving portion of the mandrel, the shoulder 34|, andthe'v cams 333, the-length of the tubing 3 1 which depends from theshoulder 34| determining the depth ofthe margin ofl the liner to beturned inside out over the rim ofthe carrier carton. A tubularcarrier-carton-3'l having an inside diameter about` equal to the out'-side diameter `of the` mandrel immediately` above the shoulder 34| and'van outside diameter not appreciably greater'thanfthe outside diameter oftheX cam 333, is then-placed over'the bag 315* so that the rim3`I4of`the carton is received onfthe described. above=the ring5 350 willpull the liner i'over: the cart'cnarm 3 I'll tori-provide a sealingvseat l0 318, as shown in Figz. To turn the margin 311 inside out". overthe open end oi the carton 3H), continued downward movement ofthemandrel 34|!V will telescope the sleeve 33D in the cylinder 36|) so thatthe cam 333 will expand the iingers 355t into a segmented cylindricalsleeve inside the depending liner margin 3H. As the sleeve 333 continuesto telescope, the endsof the nger blades 351 will engage the expanderring 35D', further' expanding the ring 35) over the point ofthe shoulder34E; and forcingthe ring 35|! along the carton` wall 3|| to turn themargin inside out, as shown in Fig; 9. When the liner margin 3'I1 iscompletelyturned inside` out, the mandrel 34;!)` and sleeve33 arereturned" to their extended position, the fingers again collapsingagainst the sleeve, the' expander'ring 350 is replaced in the groovebetween theshoulder 34|v and @am 333, and the lined carton is removedfrom the mandrel.

Another embodiment ofV my'liner turning device is illustrated in- Figs.10 and 11, in which a mandrel 440i is' telescopably mounted in a xedmandrel sleeve` 430"suitablysecured to a base. A

base plate 43| serves as avlimit for the' telescoping movement of themandrel 440; In addition to being j'ournaled inthe sleeve 430, themandrel 44HV isrprovided with'an internal collar 442 which isslidablykeyedfon the centrall shaft 455 secured tothe baseplate 43|'. Tomaintain the mandrel 449 in its normal extended position, a compressionlspring` 443' is engaged between the collar 44'2y and thebaseplate 43|".The extension of the mandrelr 44|] isA limited by' the stop washer 466bolted to theupperend of the shaft 465.

A finger supporting" ring 460 is xed on the sleeve 433 andk is providedwith an inner annular groove 46| to receive the arcuate foot beads 456of the expanding` lingers 455, The ring' 43E) is counterbored to thegroover 46| to allow for the swing of the fingers; The' upwardlyextending fingers 455 are similar to the fingers 355 described above,except. that the blades 451 are provided with lugs 463 to retain thespring-ring 462, which collapses the fingers 455 against the mandrel44!) when the mandrel. isV in'its normal extended position. Also, inthisembodiment, the upper edges of the blades 451 shouldv be free fromburrs or roughness and are preferably' rounded, as shown in Fig. 11.

The mandrel 440 is` provided with an annular protrudingshou1der44'l'which, when the mandrel is4 in its normally extendedposition, is located above the collapsedflngers 455- The under'surfaceof the shoulder' 44| is' beveled outwardly to serve' as acammingsurfac'e to expand the fingers 455. The upper surface of theshoulder serves as a carton-receiving foot. Above the shoulder 44| themandrel 4'40'is tapered slightly to serve as a container receivingportion.

Toas'semble a container on my device as shown in' Figs. 10 and 11, atubular liner, in this instance the bag 4 5, is slipped over thecontainer receiving portion of the mandrel and' the shoulder 44|, thelength 411 depending from the shoulder 44| determining the depth of themargin to be turned inside out; Av carton 4|0 is then placed over thebag 4| 5 so that the-rim of the carton is seated on the foot portion ofthe shoulder 44| and is supported by the mandrel wall immediately abovethe shoulder 44 I. Thus, the shoulder 44| expands the periphery of theportion ofthe tubular liner, which is unsupported by the inner cartonwall and adjacentthe'rim of the carton, beyond the inside peripheryofthe tubularwall 4H. To turn the liner inside out over the rimv of thelcarrier carton,

the mandrel 44|] is telescoped in the sleeve 430. As the mandrel istelescoped, the fingers 455 are expanded into a segmental cylindricalsleeve inside the depending liner margin H1 by the camming under surfaceof the shoulder 44! As the mandrel continues to be telescoped, theblades 451 will draw the margin 4H along the outside Wall of the carriercarton, turning the margin 4H inside out as it slips over the edges ofthe blades 451, as shown in Fig. l1. When the margin 4H, or so much ofit as desired, has been turned inside out, the telescoping force on themandrel 440 is released, the spring 443 returns the mandrel to itsnormal extended position, the ngers 455 being withdrawn and collapsing,and the lined carton is removed.

From the foregoing, it is apparent that the success of my invention liesin positively expanding beyond the inside periphery of the carriercarton at least the portion of the tubular liner which is unsupported bythe inside wall of the carrier carton immediately adjacent the open endof the carton and then simultaneously drawing all parts of the expandedportion of the liner along the outside wall of the carton. In Figs. 3 to6 and 7 to 9, only the portion of the margin immediately adjacent thecarton rim is so expanded. In Figs. l and 1l, the whole margin isexpanded. In all three disclosed embodiments of my assembling devices,the entire periphery is expanded simultaneously. It should be apparentthat the periphery to be expanded could also be expanded progressively,as, for example, rotating an expanding finger around the mandreladjacent the rim of the carton and providing means to maintain theliner` in its expanded position. Thus, the term expanding and like termsemployed in this specification and the claims is to be understood toinclude progressive as well as simultaneous expansion unless the term isotherwise limited. However, once the liner is expanded beyond the insideperiphery of the carrier carton, all parts of the expanded portionsshould be turned inside out simultaneously.

From the explanation of the principle of my method and the disclosedembodiments of my turning devices, it should be apparent that my turningdevices are not limited to the specific mechanisms disclosed. Forexample, it is not necessary that the container supporting mandrel betelescopable into a sleeve. Rather, the mandrel may be fixed and theexpander may be expanded by means other than the wedging means shown.For example, by placing within the tubular liner a spring ring, having amean ring diameter slightly greater than the outside wall of the carriercarton, and then pressing the spring ring against the rim of the carton,theV liner will be expanded according to my method, the curved innersurface of the spring ring engaged against the rim of the carton actingas the ring expanding cam.

As should be apparent from Fig. 11, containers made according to myinvention are not limited to those as shown in Figs. l and 2 in whichthe liner margin is entirely turned inside out. For example, by drawingthe margin M1 along the outside wall of the carton until the end of themargin is even with the carton rim and then withdrawing the fingers 455,the carton will be provided with a two-ply overturned margin. Further,it is not necessary to close the lined carton with a cap or sheet whichis the equivalent of a cap type of closure. The lined carton may besealed by the liner tube. For example,

by employing a long liner tube and only turning a portion of theunsupported liner inside out over the outer wall of the carton, as atthe stage shown in Fig. 1l, a free skirt of the liner tube will remain;said skirt may then be drawn together and sealed over the open mouth ofthe lined carton.

It is to be understood that the terms tube and tubulan as employed inthis specification and in the claims, refers to an elongated, relativelythin-walled hollow body in which the lon- .gitudinal elements of thewall or walls are parallel. lThus, my containers are not necessarily ofcircular cross-section, but may have a rectangular or similar polygonalcross-section, and my carrier cartons are not limited to spirally woundtubular cartons, but may be tubular cartons of the collapsed or set-uptype.

As pointed out above, my method of lining containers is particularlyadapted for the use of liners of non-fibrous lms, such as, for example,films of regenerated cellulose, cellulose ethers and esters, or mixedcellulose ethers and esters; chlorinated rubber or rubber hydrochloridelms (such as the film known commercially as Pliofilm) polyvinyl lms(such as the lms known commercially as Vinylite and Koroseal) polyamidefilms (such as the lm known commercially as nylon) and the like. Whilenonfibrous films are generally preferred, any flexible sheet, fibrous ornon-nbrous, may be employed, however, if the sheeting possesses therequisite -inertness and imperviousness. Glassine or like impregnated orcoated paper, parchment paper, paper laminated to lm or foil, and thelike are examples of fibrous sheet materials which may serve as suitablelining stock. The characteristics of the sheeting as to elasticity andaging should be taken into account in determining the dimensions of thetube. For example, if a liner of inelastic glassine is employed, thetube should be sufficiently oversize with respect to the carrier cartonto permit the tube to undergo the turning operation without splitting.If a cellophane nlm is employed, the film, when fresh, is usuallysuiciently elastic to allow for the turning operation, but the tubeshould be sufficiently oversize to allow for shrinkage when the tubeages. If the tube is of cellulose acetate film, aging is seldom aproblem, and the tube need only be oversize in order to insure that thelm Will not be ruptured by the load of the contents. If a Pliolm tube isemployed, the tube may be actually undersize with respect to the carton,since such lm is usually sufliciently elastic to stretch until it issupported by the carton before it will be ruptured by the load of thecontents.

It is usually unnecessary to secure my liner to the carrier carton wall,since the turned-over margin usually affords a sufficient frictionalanchor for the liner. When the turned-over margin is short and thecontainer is filled with heavy, adherent contents, such as hardenedvegetable oils or lard, for example, it may be advantageous `to adherethe margin to the carrier carton. A

convenient location for the margin anchoring adhesive is on the rim ofthe carton.

While my tubular carrier cartons are usually of paper stock, it is to beunderstood that any suitable rigid or semi-rigid tubular receptacles ofother materials, such as sheet metal, for example, may be employed as acarrier receptacle.

From the foregoing, it is apparent, therefore, that my invention is notlimited to the embodiments disclosed, either in whole or in part, but

that my invention may be modified by those skilled in the art Within thescope of the appended claims Without departing from the spirit or scopeof my invention.

What is claimed is:

1. The method of lining a container comprising the steps of inserting alining tube of flexible sheet material in the open end of a tubularreceptacle, allowing an unsupported margin of said tube to extend out ofsaid receptacle, simultaneously positively and uniformly expanding allportions of the periphery of said margin immediately adjacent the rim ofthe open end of said receptacle beyond the inside periphery of said rim,and then simultaneously positively and uniformly drawing all parts ofthe expanded portion of said margin along the outside wall of saidreceptacle to turn said margin inside out, in which said unsupportedmargin is longer than the length of said container and in which the stepof drawing said margin along the wall of said container is continuedalong the entire length of the wall and including the step of gatheringthe mouth of said liner tube together across the bottom of saidreceptacle to completely cover said receptacle with said liner.

2. In a device of the class described, a mandrel, a container receivingportion on said mandrel to support the inside wall of a container onsaid portion, an annular shoulder on said mandrel, an annular expanderon said mandrel, and means to force said expander over said shoulder toexpand said expander. i

3. In a device of the class described, a mandrel,

14 an annular shoulder on said mandrel, an expander movablelongitudinally along said mandrel comprising a spring ring, and means toforce said ring over said shoulder to expand said ring.

4. In a device of the class described, a mandrel, a shoulder on saidmandrel, expansible fingers collapsed against said mandrel, and means tomove said lingers over said shoulder to expand said lingers.

DAVID SCHMIDT.

` REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the le ofthis patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Y Date Number Name 1,011,979 Maison Dec, 19, 19111,436,748 Yancey Nov. 28, 1922 1,638,386 Yancey Aug. 9, 1927 1,692,986Hardy et al Nov. 27, 1928 1,879,410 Morris et al Sept. 27, 19321,898,112 Wright Feb. 21, 1933 1,993,751 Reid Mar. 12, 1935 2,082,995Wilcox June 8, 1937 2,086,887 Wilcox July 13, 1937 2,126,159 Wilcox Aug.9, 1938 2,134,166 Wilcox Oct. 25, 1938 2,158,448 Wilcox May 16, 19392,375,417 Hultkrans May 8, 1945 FOREIGN PATENTS Number Country Date722,221 France Dec. 28, 1931

